What Happened That Morning

The Southern Aurora was a popular express train that ran between Sydney and Melbourne. It was known for its speed and comfort. On the evening of February 6, 1969, it left Sydney with 14 carriages, carrying almost 200 passengers and 22 crew members.

In the early hours of the following day, just after 7:00 a.m., disaster struck near Violet Town. The Southern Aurora, heading south and around one hour from its destination, collided head-on with a northbound freight train on the same track. The freight train was much heavier, and the impact was devastating. Both trains were thrown from the tracks, carriages were crushed, and chaos unfolded instantly.

The Crash Site

The collision happened at an estimated combined speed of 172 km/h (107 mph). The force was so strong that the Southern Aurora’s locomotive and several freight wagons were launched into the air. Six carriages were derailed, one was completely flattened, and two were left hanging in the air—suspended around 9 metres (30 feet) above the ground.

To make matters worse, the crash ruptured diesel tanks, and the leaking fuel caught fire. Flames quickly spread to the Southern Aurora’s wreckage, making rescue efforts even more difficult. Passengers trapped inside the burning carriages scrambled to escape through shattered windows.

Cause of the Crash

Investigators later discovered that the crash was tragically caused by human error. The Southern Aurora’s driver, John Bowden, suffered a sudden and fatal heart attack while at the controls. Without him, the train continued at full speed, and the safety systems in place at the time weren’t advanced enough to detect that anything was wrong.

There were no automatic stop features that could have prevented the train from continuing. This tragic shortcoming exposed a serious gap in railway safety—and spurred significant changes.

The Aftermath

Nine people lost their lives that day, including passengers, crew members, and the driver of the freight train. Many more were injured, some critically. The scene was heartbreaking—twisted metal, smoke, fire, and confusion.

Emergency crews rushed in from nearby towns like Euroa and Benalla, and local residents of Violet Town played an incredible role in helping the injured and supporting rescue teams. The bravery and kindness shown by the community were nothing short of inspiring.

A Turning Point in Railway Safety

In the months and years that followed, major changes were made to ensure a disaster like this would never happen again. Introducing the “deadman’s pedal” system was one of the most significant improvements. This safety feature requires the driver to constantly apply pressure to a pedal—if they let go, the train automatically stops. It’s now a standard feature on trains across Australia.

The crash also highlighted the need for better medical screening for train drivers. Stricter health checks were introduced to help identify any issues that could put lives at risk while on the job.

Violet Town’s Legacy

For the residents of Violet Town, the train crash is a lasting memory. A memorial was built near the site of the disaster to honour the victims and serve as a reminder of the lives lost. The crash also profoundly impacted the town’s identity, as the tragedy represents a significant chapter in its history. Residents have preserved the story of the crash, ensuring that the lessons learned from the disaster continue to resonate within the community.

Lessons Learned

The train crash demonstrated the importance of improving transport safety. In its aftermath, railway authorities across Australia accelerated the adoption of fail-safe technologies and enhanced operational standards. It also highlighted the need for robust emergency response systems.

Remembering the Victims

More than five decades after Violet Town’s rail tragedy, the event is still remembered as one of the most tragic in the history of Australian rail travel. Annual commemorations and personal visits to the memorial ensure that the victims are not forgotten and their legacy lives on through improved safety measures that protect future generations.

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So, let’s dive into the world of corellas and find out why they’ve chosen Nagambie as their hangout spot—and what that means for locals, farmers, and nature lovers alike.

Who Are These Feathered Visitors?

Corellas are part of the cockatoo family—those bright, loud, and pretty clever birds native to Australia. In Nagambie, we mainly see two types:

• Little Corellas – small, all-white birds with a splash of pink between the eyes and beak.
• Long-billed Corellas – slightly larger with a longer beak and more pink around the face and chest.

They’re social birds, and by social, we mean they LOVE a crowd. It’s not uncommon to spot flocks of 50 or more wheeling around the sky or settling into trees around Lake Nagambie.

Why Nagambie?

To be fair, why wouldn’t they like it here? There’s food, water, shelter—and plenty of open space. The lake and surrounding farmland provide the perfect setup. Native trees drop seeds, crops offer snacks, and there’s no shortage of roosting spots. It’s kind of like an all-inclusive resort for birds.

In fact, birdwatchers have recorded sightings of large corella flocks around the lake, especially early in the morning or before sunset. They’re part of the soundtrack of Nagambie now, whether we like it or not!

The Good, the Bad, and the Feathery

Now, don’t get us wrong—corellas are fascinating. They’re intelligent, they have strong social bonds, and watching them fly in sync can be a real treat. But… they can also cause some headaches.

The Good:

• They help spread seeds and keep insect populations in check.
• They’re a delight for birdwatchers and nature photographers.
• They add a bit of wild charm to our daily lives.

The Not-So-Good:

• Tree damage: Corellas love chewing. They’ll strip bark and leaves off trees, seriously damaging or killing native species.
• Farm troubles: Farmers often report corellas feasting on crops and sneaking into stored grain. They can cause real financial pain.
• Infrastructure issues: Have you ever seen a chewed-up power cable or a bent antenna? That might have been the work of a curious corella.
• Noise: Let’s say they’re not exactly quiet houseguests. Big flocks can be very vocal—especially at dawn.

Government Help

The Victorian Corella Strategy (yes, the government actually spent time on this “problem”) is in place to help towns like ours balance protecting native wildlife with reducing the impact on communities and farms. Corella Management Grants are even available to help fund local solutions, like better deterrent systems or habitat changes.

possible Legal Solutions

• Changing the landscape – planting trees corellas don’t like or removing tempting food sources.
• Deterrents – things like sound devices, lights, or even scarecrows (yes, they still work sometimes!) to keep birds away from high-risk areas.

Coexisting With Corellas

Corellas aren’t villains—they’re just doing what birds do. The challenge is figuring out how to enjoy the benefits of living close to nature while minimising the downsides. And that’s what makes Nagambie’s story so interesting. It’s not just about dealing with a bird problem. It’s about learning to live in harmony with the environment, even when it throws us a few curveballs—or, in this case, a few hundred screeching birds.

Looking Ahead

Next time you hear that familiar squawk overhead, take a moment to pause and appreciate it! It’s a reminder of how lucky we are to live in a place where nature is still thriving. Sure, it can be a bit noisy, but it’s definitely a sign of life all around us. Just a friendly reminder: using poison to harm wildlife is against the law under the Wildlife Act of 1975. If someone is found guilty, they could face fines of up to $18,174 and/or six months in prison.

Want to share your own corella story or photo? Or do you have a clever way of keeping them off your fruit trees? Drop a comment below—we’d love to hear how you’re dealing with our feathered locals! 🦜

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A Breathtaking Autumn Wonderland

You’re in the right place if you’re chasing those classic autumn hues. The trees put on a spectacular show of reds, oranges, and gold, making every walk feel like a dream. Honour Avenue in Macedon is an absolute must-see—a picture-perfect tunnel of towering oak and elm trees that light up in fiery colours.

Then there’s Mount Macedon, where the walking trails are even more stunning in autumn. Whether you take a stroll around Sanatorium Lake or tackle the Camels Hump hike, you’ll be rewarded with incredible views and that fresh mountain air. And if you make it to the summit? Get ready for a breathtaking panorama of rolling hills painted in autumn shades.

Stunning Country Gardens

Macedon is home to some of Victoria’s most beautiful country gardens, and autumn is the perfect time to see them at their best. Many private gardens open their gates to the public during this season, offering a chance to wander through stunning landscapes filled with towering oaks, golden elms, and delicate maples. The historic gardens of Duneira and Bolobek are standout spots, with immaculately maintained grounds showcasing the rich colours of autumn.

My absolute favourite is Forest Glade Garden. Forest Glade in Mount Macedon is like walking through a fairytale, with Japanese maples and European trees putting on a dazzling autumn display. Or, if you’re after a quiet picnic spot, head to Blackwood Mineral Springs Reserve and enjoy the serenity (plus, you can even sample the natural mineral water!).

Plan Your Perfect Autumn Getaway

Autumn is one of the busiest (and most beautiful) times in the Macedon Ranges, so booking ahead is a good idea. Whether you’re after a boutique stay, a cosy B&B, or a country cottage, plenty of options suit your style.

With breathtaking scenery, fantastic food and wine, and plenty of outdoor adventures, the Macedon Ranges in autumn is an absolute dream. So grab your camera, wear a comfy sweater, and prepare for an unforgettable autumn escape!

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Physical Characteristics

Tasmanian devils are relatively small, stocky animals known for their robust build. They typically weigh 6 to 8 kilograms (13 to 18 pounds) and measure about 60 centimetres (24 inches) in length, excluding their tails. Their black fur is often marked with white patches on their chest or rump, providing excellent camouflage in dense forest habitats.

One of their most distinctive features is their powerful jaws and sharp teeth, which deliver one of the strongest bite forces relative to body size among mammals. This unique adaptation allows them to crush bones and consume almost every part of a carcass, making them highly efficient scavengers.

The Tasmanian devil got its name from early European settlers who upon hearing mysterious unearthly screams, coughs and growls from the bush decided to investigate further. Finding the dog-like animal with red ears, wide jaws and big sharp teeth led them to call it “The Devil”.

Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Tasmania

Behavior and Diet

Tasmanian devils are nocturnal animals, meaning they are active at night hunting or scavenging for food. During the day, they rest in dens or hollow logs. Their diet mainly consists of carrion, dead animals they come across in their habitat. However, they also hunt live animals, including birds, small mammals, and reptiles.

Tasmanian devils are known for their loud and unsettling vocalisations, such as growls, screams, and snarls when feeding. These sounds intimidate rivals and establish dominance. Despite their aggressive displays, Tasmanian devils are generally solitary creatures that avoid physical confrontations unless they compete for food.

Habitat and Range

Tasmanian devils were once commonly found throughout mainland Australia, but now they are only present in Tasmania, aside from those in zoos. These unique marsupials thrive in various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and coastal scrublands. The island’s relatively low human population density and abundant wildlife create an ideal environment for them.

Reproduction and Life Cycle

Tasmanian devils have a unique reproductive system typical of marsupials. Mating occurs once a year, usually in March. After a gestation period of about 21 days, females give birth to up to 30 tiny, underdeveloped young. The newborns are each about the size of a grain of rice and must crawl into their mother’s pouch to continue their development.

Since females only have four teats, there is intense competition among the young, and only the strongest survive. After about 100 days in the pouch, the surviving young emerge and stay with their mother for several months before becoming independent. Tasmanian devils typically live for 5 to 7 years in the wild.

Conservation Challenges

Early European settlers in Hobart Town viewed Tasmanian devils as a nuisance, often complaining about their poultry yard raids. In 1830, the Van Diemen’s Land Company introduced a bounty scheme to remove devils, Tasmanian tigers and wild dogs from their properties in the northwest. They offered a bounty of 2/6 (25 cents) for male devils and 3/6 (35 cents) for females.

For over a century, Tasmanian devils were trapped and poisoned, leading to a significant decline in their population and putting them at risk of extinction. However, after the law protected them in June 1941, their numbers gradually increased.

In 1996, it was discovered that Tasmanian devils were again under threat, this time from Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD). This contagious cancer spreads through biting, a behaviour commonly occurring during feeding or mating. As a result, the population of Tasmanian devils has dramatically declined.

In response to this crisis, conservationists and researchers have implemented various strategies, including breeding programs and establishing isolated, disease-free populations. They are also working on developing a vaccine to combat DFTD. To help increase their numbers, ongoing efforts have been introduced, such as creating protected reserves and wildlife corridors.

Other threats to Tasmanian devils include habitat destruction, roadkill, and competition from introduced species like feral cats and foxes.

Cultural and Ecological Significance

Tasmanian devils hold a unique position in Australian culture and folklore. They are often depicted as fierce yet lovable creatures, partly due to their portrayal in popular media.

Ecologically, these animals play a crucial role as scavengers, consuming carrion and helping to control the populations of other species. Their disappearance would likely cause imbalances in Tasmania’secosystem, making their conservation essential not only for the survival of their species but also for the health of the broader environment.

Looking Ahead

Despite the challenges, ongoing conservation efforts offer hope for the Tasmanian devil’s survival. Initiatives such as the ” Save the Tasmanian Devil Program” and public awareness campaigns generate essential funds and attention.

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Victoria’s Fourth Zoo

In March 2022, Kyabram Fauna Park announced it had received accreditation from the Zoo and Aquarium Association Australasia. Then, in July 2022, the Victorian state government announced Zoos Victoria would take over the management of the fauna park, making it Victoria’s fourth zoo. At 55 hectares, it’s twice as large as Melbourne Zoo and a third larger than Healesville Sanctuary. However, Healesville is better laid out, with much more to see. With regards to size, all of them are still pale in size compared to Werribee Zoo, which boasts 225 hectares (though not all the space is open to the public).

In July, the first sorely needed upgrades in twenty years were completed at Kyabram with a new entry and ticketing area. The new entry includes an upgraded gift shop, toilets, and a cafe with a glass wall overlooking the fauna park’s new meerkat enclosure. The five meerkats, two males and three females, arrived from Taronga Zoo, NSW.

New Reptile House

With funding from the Victorian Government and additional benefactors, a newly constructed reptile house opened. Reptiles on display include pythons, various snakes and frogs. Lizard varieties include frill-neck lizards and forest dragons. The reptile house isn’t overly large. However, the enclosures for each reptile are lush and attractive.

Walk Through Aviary

Kyabram Fauna Park has two walk-through aviaries, one smaller containing king parrots and a second larger one containing bush stone curlews, satin bower birds and banded lapwing, finches, various parrots, doves, pigeon species and budgerigars. Both are good, but my favourite was the larger one with the more extensive variety of birds. It’s a great way to practice bird photography up close without shooting through the wire.

Animals

The other animals in the park include alpine dingoes, flying foxes, echidnas, Tasmanian frogmouths, boobook owls and assorted cockatoos.

Conservation and Improvement Programs

The park has been involved in conservation programs in the area since 1979. Their efforts include planting more than 7000 native trees and plants in the area to encourage wildlife to return. This initiative also saw 35 species of native birds return. The new reptile house is a significant drawcard. However, while enclosures for the Koala, Tasmanian Devil, Echidna and shingle back lizards are up to standard, much more work remains to be done on the older, outdated enclosures.

History Cottage

The park is also home to the cottage French adventurer, navy man, and soldier Theodore Hazleman built in 1867. Before settling in the area, Hazleman sailed the seas as a cabin boy and survived the American Civil War. In Kyabram, he set up as a wheat farmer and fathered 13 children.

Visit Kyabram Fauna Park

The paths around the park are mostly gravel or dirt, so closed-toe shoes are advised.

• 75 Lake Road, Kyabram, Victoria
• Open from 10 am to 5 pm except for Christmas Day and Good Friday.
• Adults are $32, and seniors are $20. Zoo members enter for free.
• Children 4-16 yrs 12.50. Children under 4 are free (from October, all children will be free on Weekends, public holidays and school holidays)

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Background and Objectives

Major Thomas Mitchell, a Scottish Surveyor-General of New South Wales, had established himself as a prominent explorer through two earlier expeditions. By the mid-1830s, European settlers in New South Wales were increasingly interested in expanding their grazing lands and discovering new areas suitable for agriculture. Reports about promising territories to the south heightened the need for further exploration.

To address this, Mitchell’s third expedition was authorised with two primary objectives:

1. Investigate the course of the Darling River, which he had partially explored during his second expedition.

2. Explore the lands south of the Murray River to assess their potential for European settlement.

This journey promised to provide vital insights into Australia’s interior and open new frontiers for settlement.

Preparation and Team

Mitchell’s expedition team was meticulously organised and consisted of soldiers, convicts, and Aboriginal guides. The group also included skilled surveyors and draftsmen to map the terrain and hunters and labourers to ensure the journey was well-supplied. They relied on seventy animals, such as horses, oxen, carts, two boats and a boat cart to transport necessary supplies, including provisions, scientific instruments, and weapons.

One of the most notable expedition members was John Piper, a Wiradjuri guide whose knowledge of the land and its resources proved invaluable. Indigenous guides like Piper were essential for navigating Australia’s challenging landscapes.

The Journey

The expedition began in Sydney in March 1836. Mitchell and his team travelled southwest, crossing the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee Rivers before reaching the Murray River. They encountered diverse terrain throughout their journey, including dense forests, open plains, and numerous river crossings. The expedition faced several challenges, such as harsh weather, problematic river fords, and occasional conflicts with local Aboriginal groups.

Crossing into Victoria

Upon crossing the Murray River into what is now Victoria, Mitchell and his team entered a landscape strikingly different from the arid regions they had previously explored. They encountered rolling plains, abundant watercourses, and lush vegetation—a sharp contrast to the harsher environments of New South Wales and central Australia.

Mitchell was deeply impressed by the fertility and beauty of this region. He described it as “a land flowing with milk and honey,” using a Biblical phrase highlighting its agricultural potential. Convinced of its promise for European settlement, Mitchell named the region “Australia Felix,” which is Latin for “Happy Australia” or “Fortunate Australia.”

Further Exploration

The expedition continued westward, travelling through the Wimmera region until it reached the Grampians mountain range. It then continued past Mt Macedon and crossed the Goulburn River at Tallarook before travelling past Nagambie Lagoon, Wharing, Euroa, and Violet Town before returning to Sydney. Mitchell’s detailed observations and maps highlighted the area’s abundant natural resources, including fertile soils, lush grasslands, and ample water supplies. These features made the region ideal for grazing and farming, perfectly aligning with the ambitions of European settlers.

The team’s journey also provided valuable insights into the local flora and fauna. Mitchell documented numerous species of plants and animals, many of which were unfamiliar to European naturalists at the time.

Encounters with Indigenous Peoples

Throughout the expedition, Mitchell and his team encountered various Aboriginal groups who had lived in these lands for tens of thousands of years. These interactions ranged from friendly exchanges to moments of tension and conflict.

Mitchell’s journal reflects a complex and often contradictory perspective on Indigenous Australians. While he occasionally admired their knowledge of the land and resourcefulness, his expedition inevitably disrupted local communities. In some instances, misunderstandings or perceived threats led to violent confrontations, further exacerbating tensions between Europeans and Indigenous peoples.

One of the most controversial incidents took place near the Murray River, where Mitchell’s party clashed with local Barkindjii Aboriginal groups. This violence resulted in seven Barkindji being killed and four wounded. While Mitchell’s writings framed the event as a defensive action, modern interpretations view it as part of a broader resistance pattern against colonisation.

…….It was difficult to come at such enemies hovering in our rear with lynx-eyed vigilance of savages. I succeeded however… Attacked simultaneously by both parties the whole betook themselves to the river, my men pursuing them and shooting as many as they could, numbers were shot swimming across the Murray, and some ever after they had reached the opposite shore as they descended the bank

Major Mitchell’s report

Mitchell named the site of the attack Mount Dispersion. He faced an inquiry in Sydney afterwards but received only a minor reprimand for his actions. On May 27, 2020, the 184th anniversary of the killings, the New South Wales government officially designated Mount Dispersion as an Aboriginal place, granting it legal recognition and protection as a significant site.

Return and Reports

In November 1836, Mitchell and his team returned to Sydney after completing a nearly eight-month journey. His detailed reports and maps vividly illustrated Australia Felix, highlighting its agricultural potential and natural beauty. Mitchell’s accounts were widely published and quickly captured the imagination of settlers eager to expand into new territories.

The discovery of Australia Felix marked a turning point in the colonisation of southeastern Australia. Within a few years, settlers began to move into the region, establishing sheep stations and farms. The area’s rich pastures proved to be ideal for grazing, contributing to the rapid growth of Australia’s wool industry.

Legacy of the Australia Felix Expedition

The Australia Felix expedition is significant in Australian exploration and settlement history. Major Thomas Mitchell is well-known for his role in mapping and documenting the region, but his legacy invites critical reflection.

From a colonial viewpoint, the expedition symbolises success in discovery and progress. Mitchell’s work facilitated the expansion of European settlement and contributed to Australia’s economic growth and development. The region’s fertile lands remain vital to Victoria’s agricultural industry today.

However, the expedition’s impact on Indigenous peoples reveals a darker aspect of colonisation. The displacement, violence, and cultural loss experienced by Aboriginal communities highlight the human cost of European expansion into Australia’s interior.

Conclusion

The Australia Felix expedition is a pivotal moment in Australian history, embodying both the aspirations and consequences of European colonisation. Major Thomas Mitchell’s journey revealed the potential of southeastern Australia’s fertile lands, opening new frontiers for settlement and economic development. Yet, it also marked the beginning of profound and often devastating changes for the region’s Indigenous inhabitants.

Today, the story of Australia Felix reminds us of the complexities of exploration and colonisation. It invites reflection on the achievements and challenges of Australia’s past, fostering a deeper understanding of the nation’s diverse history and its enduring legacies.

Footnote

In 2023, Birdlife Australia renamed the Major Mitchell Cockatoo to ‘Pink Cockatoo’. The name change was made to: 

• Remove the association with Thomas Mitchell, who led a massacre of Aboriginal people in 1836 
• Make species names more culturally inclusive 
• Avoid associating culturally important organisms with violence and murder

further reading

Journey Map

Explorers Way Brochure

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The Importance of the 51 Trees

The 51 trees in question are not just random greenery; they are decades-old grey box giants that play a crucial role in the local ecosystem. Their canopies provide shade; their roots help stabilise the soil. They support biodiversity by offering birds, insects, and other wildlife habitats. From a climate perspective, these trees are vital carbon sinks, absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) and releasing oxygen. In an era where climate change threatens ecosystems globally, preserving such natural assets is essential. Additionally, these trees enhance the aesthetic charm of Nagambie, attracting tourists and providing a serene backdrop for locals to relax and unwind.

The Threat

Plans for urban development, including new infrastructure and possible residential expansion, threatened these 51 trees. While progress and growth are essential for any town, the community argues that development should not come at the expense of irreplaceable natural heritage. Once the trees are cut down, their ecological benefits will disappear. Crucially, it could take decades for newly planted saplings to provide comparable value.

This conflict is not unique to Nagambie. Communities across Australia and the world face similar dilemmas, often pitting economic interests against environmental preservation. However, the situation in Nagambie highlights a broader question: Can development and nature coexist harmoniously?

The Community’s Fight

Nagambie residents, environmentalists, and supporters from neighbouring towns rallied to protect these trees. Moya Stewart and Deb Dudley founded the 51 Trees FB group to rally community support. They organised peaceful protests, initiated petition drives, and sold aprons, tea towels and wine at markets. They engaged with local authorities to explore alternatives to the proposed plans. The message is clear: cutting down these trees should be the last resort.

Children have created painted signs, seniors have shared stories of playing under the trees during their youth, and local artists have crafted works inspired by these natural wonders. Social media campaigns using hashtags like #SaveNagambieTrees have raised awareness of the issue, capturing attention nationwide. The community’s stance is not against development itself but rather for a more thoughtful approach. Many residents suggest that developers consider alternative designs, allowing the trees to coexist with new infrastructure. Such compromises would demonstrate that Nagambie values both progress and preservation.

The Outcome

The campaign to save Nagambie’s 51 grassy box woodland trees was ultimately successful. After nearly two years of protests and legal actions, the Victorian Planning Minister decided to preserve the trees. This decision highlights the significance of community action and environmental advocacy in shaping urban planning. Rhonda Richards played a significant role in the campaign to save the 51 trees in Nagambie. As an active Save 51 Trees group member and chair of the Longwood Plains Catchment Network, she worked alongside other community members and environmental organisations to oppose the removal of these historic trees.

Richards contributed to the community-driven effort by coordinating actions, raising awareness about the trees’ environmental and cultural value, and advocating for their protection. This included participating in public objections, leveraging her network to gain support from local and regional environmental groups, and engaging in legal action through the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT). Ultimately, the campaign succeeded when the Victorian Planning Minister intervened to protect the trees. However, the developer, Hallmarc, can appeal the decision within a specified timeframe.​

You can still help

The financial burden on those involved in saving the trees has been substantial, and they are still working to recover funds. You can help by purchasing a beautiful high quality calendar or attending the Eurora Twilight Market, where their products and other items are available for sale.

Calendars are priced at $25 each and will be available at the market. They can also be purchased from Botanic House Nagambie, Avenel Fair Foods and Wildflowers, Rushworth General Store, and Bluetongue Berries in Seymour.

Euroa Twilight Market, Binney Street, Euroa – Friday 13th December

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A Historical Overview of Gulgong

Gulgong is located in the Central Tablelands region of New South Wales, about 300 kilometres northwest of Sydney. The town’s roots date back to the 1870s, when gold was discovered in the area. This discovery sparked a gold rush that attracted thousands of prospectors. The sudden influx of people transformed Gulgong from a quiet, remote area into a bustling gold-mining town almost overnight.

Many buildings were constructed during the gold rush, and several still exist today. One example is the Prince of Wales Opera House, built in 1871. It is the oldest continuously operating opera house in the Southern Hemisphere. Significantly, Dame Nelly Melba has performed on its stage. The town’s historic buildings, narrow streets, and sites give visitors a glimpse into life during the peak of the gold rush.

Henry Lawson, one of Australia’s most celebrated writers and poets, connects significantly to Gulgong, New South Wales. This link is primarily through his early childhood experiences and the region’s profound influence on his later works. Lawson’s association with Gulgong is a cornerstone of his literary legacy. It reflects the quintessential Australian rural life and the struggles of the working class.

Henry Lawson: Early Life in Gulgong

Henry Lawson was born on June 17, 1867, in Grenfell, New South Wales. Shortly after his birth, his family moved to the goldfields near Gulgong. His father, Niels Hertzberg Larsen (known as Peter Lawson), was a Norwegian-born gold prospector. His mother, Louisa Albury Lawson, was a prominent feminist and writer.

During Henry’s childhood, the Lawson family lived in the goldfields surrounding Gulgong. The rugged landscape, the hard life of the miners, and the sense of community among the settlers left a lasting impression on young Henry. These early experiences in the goldfields were pivotal in shaping his worldview and literary voice.

Literary Inspiration

Henry Lawson’s time in Gulgong gave him a wealth of material he would later draw upon in his writing. His works often depict the harsh realities of life in the Australian outback, such as the struggles of the working class and the resilience of the human spirit. With its boomtown atmosphere and transient population, Gulgong was a microcosm of the broader Australian experience during the gold rush era.

Lawson’s stories and poems are characterised by their vivid descriptions of the landscape and the lives of ordinary Australians. His intimate knowledge of the goldfields and the people who lived there gave his work authenticity and emotional depth.

The Swagmen: Icons of Australian Folklore

Swagmen, also known as swaggies or sundowners, were itinerant labourers who travelled on foot across the Australian countryside in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They carried their belongings in a bedroll or “swag,” hence the name swagmen. These men became iconic figures in Australian folklore. Swagmen symbolised the spirit of independence, resilience, and the harsh realities of life in the outback.

The life of a swagman was arduous and uncertain. They often walked great distances in search of work, including shearing sheep, fencing, or harvesting crops. Swagmen would knock on the doors of remote homesteads, asking for food, water, or a place to sleep in exchange for labour. A sense of freedom, hardship, and poverty marked their lifestyle.

The swagman’s way of life has been immortalised in Australian culture through songs, poems, and literature. One of the most famous representations is the song “Waltzing Matilda,”. This story tells of a swagman who camps by a billabong and encounters a jumbuck (sheep). The song, written by Banjo Paterson in 1895, captures the essence of the swagman’s experience. Significantly, it remains an unofficial anthem of Australia.

Gulgong and its Connection to Swagmen

Gulgong’s connection to swagmen is rooted in its history as a gold-mining town. During the gold rush, many prospectors who flocked to Gulgong were swagmen, travelling from one goldfield to another in search of fortune. These men lived a transient lifestyle, often camping on the outskirts of towns like Gulgong.

The gold rush era was a time of great movement and migration. Swagmen played a crucial role in this period, as their labour was essential to developing the goldfields and the infrastructure that supported them. In Gulgong, they contributed to constructing roads, buildings, and other facilities necessary for the growing population.

Gulgong’s historical records and local folklore are replete with stories of swagmen who passed through the town. For example, the Prince of Wales Opera House was a popular venue where swagmen and miners would gather for entertainment after a hard day’s work. The town’s pubs and inns also served as meeting places for these itinerant workers to share news, stories, and companionship.

Secret Code

Swagmen also used a secret code of symbols to communicate the “lie of the land” to fellow travellers. This secret language was not unique to Australia. It was also used internationally by the tramps and gypsies of Europe and the hobos of America.

Chester Nealie, a well-known Gulgong potter, was approached by the council, and he came up with a creative concept for decorative paving in Gulgong. Nealie chose 16 symbols out of a possible 50, deemed appropriate for Gulgong’s gold rush and ‘battler’ past. The completed Gulgong Symbol Trail comprises around 70 tiles arranged randomly throughout Mayne Street and Coronation Park.

Preserving the Legacy

Today, Gulgong takes pride in preserving its rich history and the legacy of the swagmen. The Gulgong Pioneer Museum is one of the largest museums in regional Australia. It offers a comprehensive look at the town’s history, including exhibits dedicated to the gold rush era and the lives of the swagmen. Visitors can explore a vast collection of artefacts, photographs, and documents that tell the story of Gulgong’s past.

The town also celebrates its heritage through various festivals and events. The Gulgong Gold Festival, held annually, is a vibrant celebration that includes reenactments, historical displays, and activities that highlight the town’s gold rush history. This festival provides an opportunity for locals and visitors alike to experience the spirit of the 19th century and learn about the lives of the swagmen and miners who shaped the town.

Walking tours of Gulgong are another popular way to explore its history. Guided tours take visitors through the town’s historic streets, pointing out significant buildings and sharing stories of the people who lived and worked there. These tours often include tales of swagmen, bringing to life the experiences of these iconic figures.

• Prince of Wales Opera House: 101 Mayne Street
• Gulgong Pioneers Museum: 73 Herbert Street OPEN DAILY 9-5
  • check out the fully restored Cobb & Co. Coach
• Gulgong Holtermann Museum; 123-125 Mayne Street
  • OPEN DAILY 10 am to 3 pm Entry Cost Adult $10, Concession $8
  • Don’t miss the wet plate photography. Imagine capturing a moment in time on a glass plate coated with light-sensitive chemicals. Each photograph is a precious artefact, preserving a slice of history for future generations
• Swagmen tile walk: along Mayne and Herbert streets

Cultural Impact

In Gulgong, the legacy of the swagmen is evident not only in historical records and physical landmarks but also in the town’s cultural expressions. Artworks, murals, and sculptures throughout the town pay homage to these itinerant workers. Local artists and writers often draw inspiration from the swagman’s lifestyle, ensuring their stories continue to be told and remembered. Additionally, the Henry Lawson Heritage Festival is held annually in June.

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Historical Background

The history and growth of Lanyon Homestead are closely intertwined with the early European settlement in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). In 1835, James Wright and his partner, John Lanyon, took out a pastoral lease of a large tract of land along the Murrumbidgee River, which was a vital water source in the otherwise arid Australian landscape.

Initially, the property was used for sheep grazing and cattle farming, taking advantage of the fertile plains and the river. By 1841, 59 workers lived on the estate, around half of them convicts. Eventually, John Lanyon returned to England, and James Wright took over the running of the estate. Wright, however, faced numerous challenges, including droughts and financial difficulties. This ultimately led him to sell Lanyon Homestead in the 1840s.

The estate then changed hands several times before it was acquired by the Cunningham family in 1849. The Cunninghams, a prominent pastoralist family, expanded the estate’s operations. They also built additional buildings and developed the homestead into a thriving rural enterprise.

In 1926, the estate was sold to the Osborne family. They, in turn, sold it to the Field family in 1930. The Fields, however, didn’t live at the estate but used it as a holiday home. While the Fields improved the old dairy and machinery, they respected the history of the house and buildings.

Architecture and Layout

Lanyon Homestead’s architecture blends Georgian and Victorian styles, reflecting the preferences of affluent rural homesteads in 19th-century Australia. The main homestead building, constructed in the 1850s, is a single-story house with a low-pitched roof and wide verandas. It also has thick walls designed to keep the interior cool during hot summers. It is built from locally sourced stone and features timber-framed windows, offering views of the surrounding gardens and the river.

One of Lanyon’s standout features is its meticulously maintained gardens, which include a variety of native and introduced plant species. The gardens were an essential part of the estate’s self-sufficiency, providing fresh herbs, vegetables, and flowers for the household.

The estate also includes various outbuildings, such as the woolshed, stables, blacksmith’s shop, and workers’ quarters. These provide a window to the past and illustrate the labour-intensive nature of pastoral life during the 19th century.

Life at Lanyon Homestead

Life at Lanyon Homestead during the 19th and early 20th centuries was centred around agriculture and livestock, mainly sheep farming. The estate produced wool, meat, and other agricultural products essential to the local economy. The river provided irrigation, which was critical for livestock and crop cultivation, allowing the estate to thrive even in challenging conditions.

The homestead was a family residence, but it also functioned as the centre of a small rural community. The Cunninghams employed many workers, including shepherds, stockmen, blacksmiths, and domestic staff, who lived on or near the property. The workers’ quarters, some of which have been preserved, highlight the contrast between the lives of the estate owners and those of the workers. While the Cunninghams enjoyed a degree of comfort and refinement inside the homestead, the workers faced a more rugged and physically demanding lifestyle.

The social life at Lanyon Homestead reflected its time. The family hosted gatherings, picnics, and social events common in rural communities. The homestead would have also been a place where neighbours gathered to exchange news and celebrate important events.

Lanyon Homestead Today

In the early to mid-1970s, the McMahon and Whitlam Governments withdrew the rural leases for Lanyon, Cuppacumbalong Homestead and Gold Creek Homestead. The Federal Government then compulsorily acquired Lanyon for $3.7m in 1974.

Today, Lanyon Homestead is managed by the ACT Government and is open to the public as a museum and cultural site. It is part of the ACT Historic Places network, which aims to preserve the region’s heritage and cultural history. The homesteads guided tours, exhibitions, and educational programs provide information about the estate’s history and the stories of those who lived there.

Visitors to Lanyon Homestead can take a tour through the original rooms. These have been furnished with period-appropriate furniture and artefacts to recreate the atmosphere of a 19th-century rural home. The preserved interiors provide a glimpse into the Cunningham family’s daily lives and domestic routines. Original furnishings, kitchenware, and personal items are on display. The tours also highlight the challenges and hardships the estate’s residents faced. Isolation, disease bushfires and floods were ever-present threats.

Cultural Significance

Lanyon Homestead is a well-preserved example of a 19th-century rural estate and an important site for understanding the broader history of European settlement in the Canberra region. It provides insights into the pastoral economy that dominated Australia’s rural development and the complex interaction between settlers and the Indigenous Ngunnawal people, who have lived there for thousands of years.

In recent years, efforts have been made to recognise and incorporate the region’s Indigenous history into the homestead’s narrative. This includes acknowledging the land’s traditional custodians and highlighting the Murrumbidgee River’s cultural and spiritual significance to the Ngunnawal people. By doing so, the homestead serves as a place of reflection and education, encouraging visitors to consider both the achievements and the darker aspects of Australia’s colonial past.

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The Golden Fields of Canowindra

During canola season, one of the most breathtaking aspects of visiting Canowindra is the vast fields of blooming canola. The bright yellow flowers create a striking contrast against the green countryside and clear blue skies, making it a photographer’s paradise.

Best Spots for Viewing Canola Fields

To fully appreciate the beauty of the canola fields, take a scenic drive along the country roads surrounding Canowindra. Some of the best spots for viewing and photographing the fields include:

• Belubula Way: This scenic route offers panoramic countryside views and expansive canola fields. The rolling hills covered in bright yellow blooms create a picturesque scene that’s perfect for photography.
• Gaskill Street: While mainly known for its historical buildings, the outskirts of Gaskill Street lead to beautiful rural landscapes with canola fields in full bloom.
• Cargo Road: A popular route for wine enthusiasts, Cargo Road also passes through stunning canola fields. Combining a wine tour with canola viewing makes for a delightful day trip.

Photography Tips

To capture the best photos of the canola fields, consider the following tips:

• Golden Hour: The soft, warm light during sunrise and sunset enhances the yellow hues of the canola flowers, creating stunning images.
• Drones: If you have a drone, use it to capture aerial shots of the canola fields. The bird’s-eye view provides a unique perspective of the landscape.
• Foreground Interest: To add depth and interest to your photos, include fences, old barns, or trees in the foreground.
• Weather: Check the weather forecast before heading out. A clear, sunny day will make the canola fields look their best, while cloudy skies can add drama to your shots.

Historical and Cultural Attractions

While the canola fields are a highlight, Canowindra is rich in history and culture and offers plenty of attractions to explore.

Ballooning Over Canowindra

Canowindra is renowned as the “Ballooning Capital of Australia,” and experiencing a hot air balloon flight over the canola fields is an unforgettable adventure. The sight of the golden fields from above, stretching as far as the eye can see, is truly breathtaking. We took a sunrise flight with Balloon Joy Flights during our visit. Balloon flights provide a unique perspective of the landscape. Flights typically occur at sunrise or sunset, when the winds are calm, and the light is perfect for viewing the canola fields. Booking your flight in advance is recommended, as canola season is a popular time for ballooning in Canowindra.

What to Expect

A typical balloon flight lasts about an hour, but the entire experience, including setting up and packing away the balloon, can take three to four hours. Participants usually meet before dawn, and after a safety briefing, they watch as the balloon is inflated. Once airborne, you’ll drift gently over the countryside, with the pilot pointing out landmarks and sharing interesting facts about the area. Upon landing, a traditional champagne breakfast rounded off our experience in style.

Local Wineries and Dining

Canowindra is in a burgeoning wine region known for its boutique wineries and exceptional local produce. During canola season, the vineyards are surrounded by yellow blooms, creating a stunning setting for wine tasting and dining.

Wineries to Visit

• Rosnay Organic Wines: This family-owned vineyard produces organic wines, olives, and figs. The cellar door offers tastings and tours.
• Windowrie Estate: Known for its award-winning wines, Windowrie Estate provides a charming cellar-door experience. The picturesque vineyard makes it a great place to relax and enjoy a glass of wine.
• Wallington Wines: Specializing in handcrafted wines, Wallington Wines offers personalized tastings in a beautiful rural setting. The vineyard’s focus on quality and sustainability is evident in every sip.

Dining in Canowindra

Canowindra’s culinary scene is a delightful reflection of its agricultural bounty. Many of the town’s restaurants and cafes emphasize fresh, locally sourced ingredients in their menus.

• Finns Store: Located in a beautifully restored heritage building, Finns Store offers contemporary Australian cuisine, focusing on seasonal ingredients. It’s a perfect spot for a leisurely lunch or dinner.
• Taste Canowindra: Combining a restaurant, wine bar, and art gallery, Taste Canowindra provides a unique dining experience. Enjoy gourmet dishes paired with local wines while surrounded by works of art.
• The Old Vic Inn: This historic pub offers a cosy atmosphere and a menu featuring hearty, classic dishes made with local produce. It’s an excellent place for a casual meal and a drink.

Exploring the Outdoors

Beyond the canola fields, Canowindra offers plenty of outdoor activities and exploration opportunities.

Bushwalking and Wildlife

The Canowindra Nature Reserve is a popular spot for bushwalking, with trails that wind through woodlands, along riverbanks, and up gentle hills. The reserve has various wildlife, including kangaroos, echidnas, and numerous bird species. It’s a great place to immerse yourself in nature and enjoy the tranquillity of the countryside.

Fishing and Boating

The nearby Lachlan River provides opportunities for fishing and boating. Anglers can try to catch Murray cod, golden perch, and other freshwater species. The river’s peaceful surroundings make it an excellent place for a relaxing day on the water.

Accommodation Options

Canowindra offers a range of accommodation options to suit different preferences and budgets, from charming bed and breakfasts to self-contained cottages and historic inns.

Bed and Breakfasts

For a cosy and personalized experience, consider staying at one of Canowindra’s bed and breakfasts. Some popular choices include:

• The Old Vic Inn: We stayed here and found it fabulous. This historic inn offers comfortable rooms, a friendly atmosphere, and a central location. Guests can enjoy a hearty breakfast and explore the town’s attractions on foot.
• Gaskill Street Cottage: A charming, self-contained cottage in the heart of Canowindra. The cottage offers all the comforts of home and a peaceful garden setting.
• Montrose House is a beautifully restored heritage home offering elegant rooms and a warm welcome. It is known for its exceptional hospitality and delicious breakfasts.

Farm Stays

For a unique and immersive experience, consider staying at a farm stay. These accommodations allow you to experience rural life and enjoy the tranquillity of the countryside.

• Rosnay Organic Wines: In addition to its vineyard, Rosnay offers farm stay accommodation in a cosy, self-contained cottage. Guests can enjoy farm tours, wine tastings, and peaceful surroundings.
• Eddy’s of Canowindra is a working farm offering comfortable accommodations and a chance to experience farm life. Guests can participate in farm activities and explore the beautiful property.

Practical Information

Best Time to Visit

Canola season, typically from August to September, is the best time to visit Canowindra to see the fields in full bloom. The weather is mild, and the countryside is most beautiful during these months.

Getting There

Canowindra is approximately 300 kilometres west of Sydney, making it a manageable drive for a weekend getaway. The town is also accessible by public transport, with train and bus services connecting it to major cities and regional centres.

Local Tips

• Respect the Fields: While the canola fields are beautiful, they are also working farms. Be respectful of private property and stick to designated viewing areas.
• Dress Appropriately: The weather can be cool in the early morning and evening, so bring layers and comfortable walking shoes.
• Bring a Camera: The vibrant canola fields and picturesque landscapes provide plenty of photo opportunities.

Visiting Canowindra during canola season is a truly magical experience. The golden fields, the town’s rich history, vibrant culture, and welcoming community create a perfect destination for a memorable getaway. Whether exploring the scenic countryside, floating above the landscape in a hot air balloon, or savouring the flavours of local wines and cuisine, Canowindra offers a unique and enchanting travel experience. So pack your bags, set out on a golden journey, and discover the beauty and charm of Canowindra in canola season.

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